Attribution theory suggests that the existence of affirmative action programs may lead individuals to assume that a female or minority affirmative action appointee was hired for reasons other than legitimate qualifications for the job. This inference of incompetence could pose a tremendous barrier to competent women or minority individuals being…

Trends in the economic status of women in the United States and their implications for society and women themselves are traced in this publication. The report focuses on women in the work force, including occupation and wage gains relative to men; poverty status; economic consequence of changes in trends related to living arrangements, education,…

A study was conducted to determine the extent to which women and minorities were employed as administrators and faculty members at two-year colleges. State directors of two-year colleges and individual institutions provided data representing 770 public two-year colleges in 48 states. Study findings included the following: (1) the percentage of…

This report presents a proposal to expand parental choice in Michigan education by amending the Michigan Constitution and establishing a Universal Tuition Tax Credit (UTTC). Section 1 reviews why parental choice is the most important systemic education reform and evaluates various ways to expand it. Section 2 examines Michigan's constitutional…

Research does not support the contention that underrepresentation of women and minorities in the educational administration hierarchy is a function of deficits in training, competence, experience, and number of qualified applicants. The purpose of this study was to examine factors affecting the entrance of women and minorities into this hierarchy.…

Maintains that affirmative action hiring policies play a key and unstudied role in adult lives. Reports on a study of 115 full-time faculty at a state university and a community college. Finds that faculty members' moral reasoning complexity played a significant role in solving an affirmative action issue. (CFR)

The educational experience of girls has been largely ignored in the current education debate in the United States. This absence does not mean that boys and girls have identical educational experiences in school. This report challenges the common assumption that girls and boys are treated equally in U.S. public schools by providing a synthesis of…

Inequality problems face girls at school, and the attitudes and expectations of others affect educational choices and outcomes. After an overview in chapter 1, chapter 2 provides a discussion of Australian government reports and policies on the education of girls and traces the changes in the treatment of gender inequity. Chapter 3 focuses on the…

By examining the trends in equity and academic excellence, this monograph interprets America's history of educational reform. The first section, "The Legacy of Reform," analyzes themes after colonial times. William Penn and Benjamin Franklin advocated humanitarian, middle-class education following the American Revolution. By the late…

The Federal Government has acknowledged its key role in educating and assuring an adequate supply of scientists and engineers since World War II. Although scientists and engineers represent only three percent of the national work force, they are considered by many to be a crucial element in the nation's efforts to improve its economic…

This report examines how far Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) countries have come towards realizing equality between the sexes in education and the factors that facilitate or hinder progress in this regard. The report examines students in the formal education system of schools and colleges and reviews research findings…

Reviews recent research on women, blacks, and Hispanics in public school administration. Focuses on (1) the inadequacy of organizational theory to deal with questions concerning equity, power, conflict, and social control; (2) employment trends and the issue of underrepresentation; and (3) a summary of future research. Appended are 159 footnotes.…

Presents results of a study investigating the role of academic achievement, internship experience, and college major in determining the gender gap in starting salaries of college graduates. Concludes that the gap in salaries would have been larger had females not achieved greater academic success, undertaken more internships, and majored in higher…

Identifies four issues that will shape the future of U.S. elementary and secondary education: (1) decentralized governance of schools; (2) education of all students and level of achievement; (3) opportunity for educational equality; and (4) cultural diversity and ethnicity. (CFR)

This paper suggests that students' opportunities to learn may be stratified both between and within schools. Schools serving a more affluent and able clientele may offer more rigorous and enriched programs of study, and students in college preparatory curricular programs may have greater access to advanced courses within schools. This notion is…