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Middlebrooks, Catherine D.; Castel, Alan D. – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2018
Learners make a number of decisions when attempting to study efficiently: they must choose which information to study, for how long to study it, and whether to restudy it later. The current experiments examine whether documented impairments to self-regulated learning when studying information sequentially, as opposed to simultaneously, extend to…
Descriptors: Independent Study, Memory, Sequential Learning, Study Habits
Zimmermann, Jacqueline F.; Moscovitch, Morris; Alain, Claude – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2017
Long-term memory (LTM) has been shown to bias attention to a previously learned visual target location. Here, we examined whether memory-predicted spatial location can facilitate the detection of a faint pure tone target embedded in real world audio clips (e.g., soundtrack of a restaurant). During an initial familiarization task, participants…
Descriptors: Short Term Memory, Recall (Psychology), Spatial Ability, Audio Equipment
Little, Jeri L.; Frickey, Elise A.; Fung, Alexandra K. – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2019
Taking a test improves memory for that tested information, a finding referred to as the testing effect. Multiple-choice tests tend to produce smaller testing effects than do cued-recall tests, and this result is largely attributed to the different processing that the two formats are assumed to induce. Specifically, it is generally assumed that the…
Descriptors: Multiple Choice Tests, Memory, Cognitive Processes, Recall (Psychology)
Hasenäcker, Jana; Schroeder, Sascha – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2022
Reading development involves several changes in orthographic processing. A key question is, "how does the coding of letters develops in children learning to read?" Masked priming effects of transposition and substitution primes have been taken to index the importance of letter position and identity coding. Somewhat contradicting results…
Descriptors: Alphabets, Reading Processes, Priming, Longitudinal Studies
Metcalfe, Janet; Xu, Judy – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2016
This article investigates the relation between mind wandering and the spacing effect in inductive learning. Participants studied works of art by different artists grouped in blocks, where works by a particular artist were either presented all together successively (the massed condition), or interleaved with the works of other artists (the spaced…
Descriptors: Logical Thinking, Cognitive Processes, Art, Artists
Soderstrom, Nicholas C.; Clark, Colin T.; Halamish, Vered; Bjork, Elizabeth Ligon – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2015
A frequent procedure used to study how individuals monitor their own learning is to collect judgments of learning (JOLs) during acquisition, considered to be important, in part, because such judgments are assumed to guide how individuals allocate their future learning resources. In such research, however, a tacit assumption is frequently made:…
Descriptors: Memory, Experimental Psychology, Metacognition, Cues
Crossley, Matthew J.; Maddox, W. Todd; Ashby, F. Gregory – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2018
Interventions for drug abuse and other maladaptive habitual behaviors may yield temporary success but are often fragile and relapse is common. This implies that current interventions do not erase or substantially modify the representations that support the underlying addictive behavior--that is, they do not cause true unlearning. One example of an…
Descriptors: Cognitive Ability, Correlation, Feedback (Response), Intervention
Moretti, Luca; Koch, Iring; Steinhauser, Marco; Schuch, Stefanie – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2021
Studies of switching between tasks and studies of error commission have both provided solid behavioral measures of executive control. Nonetheless, a gap remains between these strands of research. In three experiments we sought to reduce this gap by assessing the impact of task errors on N-2 repetition costs, an effect supposedly related to…
Descriptors: Task Analysis, Error Patterns, Cognitive Ability, Attention Control
Unkelbach, Christian – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2007
Repeated statements receive higher truth ratings than new statements. Given that repetition leads to greater experienced processing fluency, the author proposes that fluency is used in truth judgments according to its ecological validity. Thus, the truth effect occurs because people learn that fluency and truth tend to be positively correlated.…
Descriptors: Correlation, Ethics, Value Judgment, Evaluative Thinking
Hamamouche, Karina; Cordes, Sara – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2020
Throughout the life span, we are capable of representing quantities in the absence of language, or nonsymbolically. Additionally, over the course of development, we learn many symbolic measurement systems for representing quantities such as time and number. Despite substantial evidence of a relation between the acquisition of symbolic and…
Descriptors: Individual Differences, Time Perspective, Measurement, Correlation
Charoy, Jeanne; Samuel, Arthur G. – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2020
In conversational speech, it is very common for words' segments to be reduced or deleted. However, previous research has consistently shown that during spoken word recognition, listeners prefer words' canonical pronunciation over their reduced pronunciations (e.g., pretty pronounced [word omitted] vs. [word omitted]), even when the latter are far…
Descriptors: Pronunciation, Word Recognition, Spelling, Auditory Perception
Le Pelley, Mike E.; Vadillo, Miguel; Luque, David – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2013
Attentional theories of associative learning and categorization propose that learning about the predictiveness of a stimulus influences the amount of attention that is paid to that stimulus. Three experiments tested this idea by looking at the extent to which stimuli that had previously been experienced as predictive or nonpredictive in a…
Descriptors: Task Analysis, Classification, Cues, Prediction
Starns, Jeffrey J.; Ksander, John C. – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2016
Increasing the number of study trials creates a crossover pattern in source memory zROC slopes; that is, the slope is either below or above 1 depending on which source receives stronger learning. This pattern can be produced if additional learning affects memory processes such as the relative contribution of recollection and familiarity to source…
Descriptors: Memory, Learning Processes, Familiarity, Decision Making
Braithwaite, David W.; Siegler, Robert S. – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2018
Fraction arithmetic is among the most important and difficult topics children encounter in elementary and middle school mathematics. Braithwaite, Pyke, and Siegler (2017) hypothesized that difficulties learning fraction arithmetic often reflect reliance on associative knowledge--rather than understanding of mathematical concepts and procedures--to…
Descriptors: Addition, Arithmetic, Correlation, Foreign Countries
Implicit Word Learning Benefits from Semantic Richness: Electrophysiological and Behavioral Evidence
Rabovsky, Milena; Sommer, Werner; Abdel Rahman, Rasha – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2012
Words differ considerably in the amount of associated semantic information. Despite the crucial role of meaning in language, it is still unclear whether and how this variability modulates language learning. Here, we provide initial evidence demonstrating that implicit learning in repetition priming is influenced by the amount of semantic features…
Descriptors: Evidence, Semantics, Priming, Vocabulary Development