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Spinelli, Giacomo; Lupker, Stephen J. – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2021
In the Stroop task, congruency effects (i.e., the color-naming latency difference between incongruent stimuli, e.g., the word BLUE written in the color red, and congruent stimuli, e.g., RED in red) are smaller in a list in which incongruent trials are frequent than in a list in which incongruent trials are infrequent. The traditional explanation…
Descriptors: Color, Interference (Learning), Visual Stimuli, Reaction Time
Sisk, Caitlin A.; Remington, Roger W.; Jiang, Yuhong V. – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2020
Mounting evidence suggests that monetary reward induces an incidentally learned selection bias toward highly rewarded features. It remains controversial, however, whether learning of reward regularities has similar effects on spatial attention. Here we ask whether spatial biases toward highly rewarded locations are learned implicitly, or are…
Descriptors: Rewards, Spatial Ability, Bias, Knowledge Level
Metcalfe, Janet; Xu, Judy – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2016
This article investigates the relation between mind wandering and the spacing effect in inductive learning. Participants studied works of art by different artists grouped in blocks, where works by a particular artist were either presented all together successively (the massed condition), or interleaved with the works of other artists (the spaced…
Descriptors: Logical Thinking, Cognitive Processes, Art, Artists
Le Pelley, Mike E.; Vadillo, Miguel; Luque, David – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2013
Attentional theories of associative learning and categorization propose that learning about the predictiveness of a stimulus influences the amount of attention that is paid to that stimulus. Three experiments tested this idea by looking at the extent to which stimuli that had previously been experienced as predictive or nonpredictive in a…
Descriptors: Task Analysis, Classification, Cues, Prediction
Wei, Tao; Schnur, Tatiana T. – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2016
Processing semantically related stimuli creates interference across various domains of cognition, including language and memory. In this study, we identify the locus and mechanism of interference when retrieving meanings associated with words and pictures. Subjects matched a probe stimulus (e.g., cat) to its associated target picture (e.g., yarn)…
Descriptors: Semantics, Cues, Pictorial Stimuli, Interference (Learning)
Jones, Manon W.; Branigan, Holly P.; Parra, Mario A.; Logie, Robert H. – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2013
The ability to learn visual-phonological associations is a unique predictor of word reading, and individuals with developmental dyslexia show impaired ability in learning these associations. In this study, we compared developmentally dyslexic and nondyslexic adults on their ability to form cross-modal associations (or "bindings") based…
Descriptors: Experimental Psychology, Dyslexia, Predictor Variables, Associative Learning
Pastotter, Bernhard; Schicker, Sabine; Niedernhuber, Julia; Bauml, Karl-Heinz T. – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2011
In multiple-list learning, retrieval during learning has been suggested to improve recall of the single lists by enhancing list discrimination and, at test, reducing interference. Using electrophysiological, oscillatory measures of brain activity, we examined to what extent retrieval during learning facilitates list encoding. Subjects studied 5…
Descriptors: Foreign Countries, Semantics, Short Term Memory, Recall (Psychology)
Dunlosky, John; Ariel, Robert – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2011
Research on study-time allocation has largely focused on agenda-based regulation, such as whether learners select items for study that are in their region of proximal learning. In 4 experiments, the authors evaluated the contribution of habitual responding to study-time allocation (e.g., reading from left to right). In Experiments 1 and 2,…
Descriptors: Time Management, Item Analysis, Study Habits, Educational Experiments
Dignath, David; Pfister, Roland; Eder, Andreas B.; Kiesel, Andrea; Kunde, Wilfried – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2014
We examined whether a temporal interval between an action and its sensory effect is integrated in the cognitive action structure in a bidirectional fashion. In 3 experiments, participants first experienced that actions produced specific acoustic effects (high and low tones) that occurred temporally delayed after their actions. In a following test…
Descriptors: Intervals, Cognitive Structures, Time, Acoustics
Little, Daniel R.; Lewandowsky, Stephan – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2009
Despite the fact that categories are often composed of correlated features, the evidence that people detect and use these correlations during intentional category learning has been overwhelmingly negative to date. Nonetheless, on other categorization tasks, such as feature prediction, people show evidence of correlational sensitivity. A…
Descriptors: Feedback (Response), Cues, Attention, Classification
Toppino, Thomas C.; Cohen, Michael S. – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2010
What do learners do when they control whether to engage in massed or spaced practice? According to theories by Son (2004) and by Metcalfe and Kornell (2005), the tendency for learners to choose spaced practice over massed practice should decline as item difficulty becomes greater. Support originally was obtained when pairs containing unfamiliar…
Descriptors: Metacognition, Difficulty Level, Learning Processes, Prediction