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Nieto, Javier; Mason, Tere A.; Bernal-Gamboa, Rodolfo; Uengoer, Metin – Learning & Memory, 2020
In two instrumental conditioning experiments with rats, we examined the impacts of acquisition and extinction cues on ABC renewal of instrumental behavior. Animals were reinforced with food for lever pressing in one context, followed by extinction of the response in a second one. Presentations of a brief tone accompanied extinction in Experiment 1…
Descriptors: Cues, Conditioning, Animals, Animal Behavior
Nauer, Rachel K.; Schon, Karin; Stern, Chantal E. – Learning & Memory, 2020
With a rising aging population, it is important to develop behavioral tasks that assess and track cognitive decline, and to identify protective factors that promote healthy brain aging. Mnemonic discrimination tasks that rely on pattern separation mechanisms are a promising metric to detect subtle age-related memory impairments. Behavioral…
Descriptors: Mnemonics, Physical Fitness, Cognitive Ability, Aging (Individuals)
Bjorni, Max; Rovero, Natalie G.; Yang, Elissa R.; Holmes, Andrew; Halladay, Lindsay R. – Learning & Memory, 2020
While results from many past studies have implicated the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (BNST) in mediating the expression of sustained negative affect, recent studies have highlighted a more complex role for BNST that includes aspects of fear learning in addition to defensive responding. As BNST is thought to encode ambiguous or…
Descriptors: Fear, Cues, Brain Hemisphere Functions, Learning Processes
Moscarello, Justin M. – Learning & Memory, 2020
Signaled active avoidance (SAA) behavior requires the suppression of defensive reactions, such as freezing, that conflict with the avoidance response. The neural mechanisms of this inhibitory process are not well understood. Here, we demonstrate that ventromedial prefrontal cortex projections to the nucleus reuniens of the thalamus are recruited…
Descriptors: Brain Hemisphere Functions, Coping, Responses, Inhibition
Liu, Zejun; Wang, Yujuan; Guo, Chunyan – Learning & Memory, 2020
It is widely accepted that associative recognition can be supported by familiarity through integrating more than two stimuli into a unit, but there are still three unsolved questions: (1) how unitization affects recollection-based associative recognition; (2) whether it is necessary to match the level of unitization (LOU) between original and…
Descriptors: Associative Learning, Recognition (Psychology), Familiarity, Correlation
Zimmermann, Josua; Bach, Dominik R. – Learning & Memory, 2020
A reminder can render consolidated memory labile and susceptible to amnesic agents during a reconsolidation window. For the case of threat memory (also termed fear memory), it has been suggested that extinction training during this reconsolidation window has the same disruptive impact. This procedure could provide a powerful therapeutic principle…
Descriptors: Physiology, Responses, Conditioning, Eye Movements
Amaya, Kenneth A.; Stott, Jeffrey J.; Smith, Kyle S. – Learning & Memory, 2020
Motivationally attractive cues can draw in behavior in a phenomenon termed incentive salience. Incentive cue attraction is an important model for animal models of drug seeking and relapse. One question of interest is the extent to which the pursuit of motivationally attractive cues is related to the value of the paired outcome or can become…
Descriptors: Cues, Habituation, Motivation Techniques, Incentives
Grella, Stephanie L.; Fortin, Amanda H.; McKissick, Olivia; Leblanc, Heloise; Ramirez, Steve – Learning & Memory, 2020
Systems consolidation (SC) theory proposes that recent, contextually rich memories are stored in the hippocampus (HPC). As these memories become remote, they are believed to rely more heavily on cortical structures within the prefrontal cortex (PFC), where they lose much of their contextual detail and become schematized. Odor is a particularly…
Descriptors: Olfactory Perception, Fear, Memory, Recall (Psychology)
Alexandrescu, Anamaria; Carew, Thomas J. – Learning & Memory, 2020
The spatial and temporal coordination of growth factor signaling is critical for both presynaptic and postsynaptic plasticity underlying long-term memory formation. We investigated the spatiotemporal dynamics of "Aplysia" cysteine-rich neurotrophic factor (ApCRNF) signaling during the induction of activity-dependent long-term…
Descriptors: Brain Hemisphere Functions, Memory, Spatial Ability, Sensory Integration
Ashton, Jennifer E.; Harrington, Marcus O.; Langthorne, Diane; Ngo, Hong-Viet V.; Cairney, Scott A. – Learning & Memory, 2020
Sleep deprivation increases rates of forgetting in episodic memory. Yet, whether an extended lack of sleep alters the qualitative nature of forgetting is unknown. We compared forgetting of episodic memories across intervals of overnight sleep, daytime wakefulness, and overnight sleep deprivation. Item-level forgetting was amplified across daytime…
Descriptors: Sleep, Health Behavior, Memory, Neurological Impairments