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Beamish, Sarah B.; Gross, Kellie S.; Anderson, McKenna M.; Helmstetter, Fred J.; Frick, Karyn M. – Learning & Memory, 2022
The ubiquitin proteasome system (UPS) is a primary mechanism through which proteins are degraded in cells. UPS activity in the dorsal hippocampus (DH) is necessary for multiple types of memory, including object memory, in male rodents. However, sex differences in DH UPS activation after fear conditioning suggest that other forms of learning may…
Descriptors: Gender Differences, Cognitive Processes, Animals, Memory
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Trask, Sydney; Reis, David S.; Ferrara, Nicole C.; Helmstetter, Fred J. – Learning & Memory, 2020
Relative to males, female rats can show enhanced contextual fear generalization (demonstrating a fear response in a safe or neutral context) dependent on estrogen receptor activation. The current experiment aimed to extend this finding to cued fear conditioning. Females in low-estrogen phases of the estrous cycle showed good discrimination,…
Descriptors: Animals, Gender Differences, Metabolism, Fear