Clarifies Grosjean's Language Mode (LM) hypothesis, which develops the notion of language mode or the relative state of activation of a bilinguals two or more languages and language processing systems. Discusses studies that do not support views of the LM hypothesis. Studies of Dutch-English bilingual are presented. (Author/VWL)

Discusses use of the mother tongue in bilingual content teaching as well as in conventional foreign-language classes. The controversy over mother tongue is examined by analyzing a history lesson taught in English as a foreign language. Suggests brief use of the mother tongue can function as a learning aid to enhance communicative competence in the…

Explores how Americanization and Russification differed in terms of their imperialist language policies and how these policies led two colonialized societies, Puerto Rico and Estonia, to respond in dramatically different ways to the pressures to learn English and Russian respectively. (Author/VWL)

Investigated whether the threshold-level hypothesis could be applied to a three-language-in-contact school situation. Looks at one of these three-language-in-contact school situations in the Basque Country of Spain, a bilingual community where both Spanish and Basque are official languages and are therefore taught in school. (Author/VWL)

Focuses on African-American students' math and reading achievement in a Spanish-English two-way immersion program, from grade 1 to grade 4. Shows African-American students perform significantly lower than do majority White students on achievement tests at all grades. There is no significant difference between the two ethnic groups in Spanish…

Reports an examination of the social values of senior students in a high school with a culturally and linguistically diverse population in South Australia. Social-value patterns were determined using the Schwartz Values Questionnaire and compared with those of a control group of Australian-born students of Australian parents from culturally and…

Gives a detailed account of the lexical growth in a bilingual child (German and English) and discusses its theoretical implications. Evaluating the principle of contrast in bilingual acquisition, concludes that evidence of lexical-equivalent learning and usage of equivalents can contribute to the debate on language separation in bilingual infants.…

A model of bilingual classroom discourse is presented as a set of communicational frames illustrated by data from secondary English classes in Hong Kong. Discussion addresses the difficulty faced by teachers in second-language contexts to encourage communication and participation in a way that does not marginalize the second language. (Author/VWL)

Proposes how good practice can be developed in the assessment of dyslexia with bilingual children, presents evidence that language minorities are underrepresented in special programs, and highlights the value of recent approaches to defining dyslexia that do not depend on exclusionary criteria or on IQ-achievement discrepancy. (Author/VWL)

Examines the importance of parental support for early immersion in the context of a study of Irish-medium preschools. Data were collected from all participants in this early-immersion model, including parents, classroom assistants, and inspectors, in addition to detailed tests of 225 3-year-old children. (Author/VWL)

Describes the teaching principles of Catalan as a second language, applied by two teachers in an immersion program. Discusses results of an analysis based on an approach called "teacher thinking." The viewpoints of the teachers have allowed the researchers to define teaching principles of Catalan, or the general strategies that the…

Explores institutional and attitudinal difficulties faced by minority language policies and discusses the potential for resolving these problems. Focuses on recent institutional developments in Welsh language policy in Wales and examines the attitudes toward such developments of a cohort of Welsh teacher trainees. (Author/VWL)

Argues that there are many problems attendant to the testing of second language inferencing. Two reading tests, one culturally familiar and the other culturally unfamiliar were administered to secondary school students who are not native speakers of English. Four categories of inferences were tested in four different situations. Results showed…

Examines the reasons behind Maltese children's choice of languages. Presents results of a survey designed to learn which languages Maltese children are being taught and what the perceptions are regarding the importance of the most commonly taught languages in Malta. (Author)

Focuses on attitudes and competencies of eighth grade native Rumansch speakers in Samedan, Switzerland. Argues that Samedan pupils--with their bi- or plurilingul backgrounds, a Romance language as a main school language, and the geographical proximity of Italian--have more positive attitudes toward French and better competencies than monolingual…