As the 1968 Bilingual Education Act (BEA) reaches its 50th anniversary, we provide a critical historical review of its contradictory origins and legacy. By distilling the BEA's history into three periods that we label "power to the people," "pride for the people," and "profit from the people," we demonstrate that the…

Derrick Bell's interest convergence thesis is a seminal framework to analyze social change within critical race theory. While interest convergence's influence has grown, two foundational questions have been raised: do interest groups act rationally; does interest convergence also offer a change prescription or only an explanation of prior events.…

Sixty years ago, federal guidelines regarding the instruction of special populations in American public schools were nonexistent. Racial minorities, language minorities, women, the poor, and those with physical and mental disabilities had not been identified as groups that needed special protections. Much has changed since then. Federal…

More than 60 years after the "Brown v. Board of Education" decision declared segregated schooling inherently unequal, this timely book sheds light on how and why U.S. schools are experiencing increasing segregation along racial, socioeconomic, and linguistic lines. It offers policy and programmatic alternatives for advancing equity and…

Bilingual education has had great impact on education in the United States. Bilingual education programs have existed since 1845. Between 1854-1877, eight states enacted laws stipulating that local school boards had the power to require English-German bilingual programs. Many bilingual education programs were created, thrived, and eventually died;…

There is no inherent conflict between bilingual education and desegregation; only lack of creativity and lack of commitment deter implementation of bilingual programs in racially balanced schools. A review of literature related to the Brown v. Board of Education and Lau v. Nichols decisions revealed that bilingual education and school…

A review of the national and state legislation dealing with bilingual education is presented in the context of an introductory history of the bilingual movement in the United States. This history falls into two periods; the first from 1840-1920, and the second from 1960 to the present. The goal of bilingual education, to teach English without…

Schools are inadequately prepared to serve the needs of increasing numbers of culturally diverse students. Problems relate to desegregation, multicultural education, higher quality education, and bilingual education. New York City is used as an example, noting the school system's role in serving New York's immigrant students. (SM)

Describes the progress made to improve the educational experience of Latinos incident to Brown v Board of Education as well as the legal history of Latino desegregation. It focuses on bilingual education as a remedy for educational inequity and on the rise of multicultural education, the latest instructional approach to emerge in the evolution of…

The Senator from New Mexico describes the discrimination against native language and culture to which non-English speaking minority students have been subjected, summarizes Federal court action to date to improve their educational opportunities, and argues for a more thorough implementation of bilingual-bicultural education programs. (SF)

These conference proceedings are separated into three areas: (1) presentations by individuals who have played important roles in desegregation; (2) presentations on contemporary issues; and (3) the continuing challenge of providing equal educational opportunity to all. Among the topics included in the first section are the social and legal history…

Volume I of a five-volume study of the trends in segregation of Hispanic students in public schools contains a review of relevant litigation and legislation dating from the 1850's and notes the almost negligible effect on Hispanic desegregation of such landmark events as the 1954 "Brown" decision and the 1964 Civil Rights Act. The…

This digest focuses on several issues in school desegregation that stem from recent changes in demography, policy, and research. Change in student diversity, the first consideration, is even more marked in cities than in the country as a whole, with only 9 of 47 urban cities in the Great City Schools network having a majority white enrollment.…

This paper describes some of the race discrimination issues in education that are most pressing 40 years after the "Brown v. Board of Education" decision and offers ways in which lawyers and educators can help address such discrimination. The following race discrimination issues in education are likely to produce conflict: (1) the use of…

Educators in economically and racially segregated schools enact subgroup entitlement policies, such as Title III and IDEA (Individuals with Disabilities Education Act), as they negotiate the diverse and underserved needs throughout the student body. How do subgroup entitlement policies for English learners and students with disabilities shape…