Identifies four types of bilingual education programs, those having transitional, monoliterate, partial, or full bilingualism as their objectives, and discusses the importance of societal information in deciding which type of program to establish. (FB)

Briefly surveys the history of bilingualism in the Bureau of Indian Affairs (BIA), including the program to promote native-tongue literacy and the Navajo Five-Year Programs, and describes present day programs such as the Rough Rock and Rock Point Schools. (Author/FB)

Discusses in a general way the variations in bilingual education programs and explores the roles program assistants can play. Describes the curriculum developed at Palomar College in San Marcos, California, to prepare assistants in bilingual education. (PMP)

This article describes the English-Navajo bilingual education program at Rock Point, Arizona, and reports on the results of various reading achievement tests illustrating that learning to read in one's mother tongue will result in better reading skills, and will improve second language reading skills. (CLK)

Reviews recent research in bilingual education and English as a second language (ESL) in an attempt to arrive at some generalization about what characterizes effective bilingual and ESL instruction. Challenges the conventional conceptualization of ESL as an isolated element within bilingual programs and offers suggestions for improving ESL teacher…

Discusses the sociolinguistics of literacy with reference to three examples: the history of Jewish education and attitudes toward literacy, the Rock Point Community School bilingual program, and the Pacific Northwest Indian Reading Program. (EKN)

Because of the close relationship between language and culture, language learning necessarily involves culture learning. The use of values clarification strategies in college level English as a Foreign Language and their adaptability to bilingual elementary school programs are investigated. (Author/ND)

Guidelines for teaching reading in bilingual elementary school programs stress the need for language experiences that allow students to think in the second language. Evaluation measures other than standardized tests for assessing progress are suggested. (PMJ)

Presents the results of a national survey of graduates of bilingual education programs. Areas surveyed included: (1) level of English proficiency of graduates, (2) field of employment of graduates, (3) percentage of graduates teaching English as a second language, and (4) percentage of graduates in administration and teacher training. (SED)

Paper presented at the TESOL Convention in New Orleans, Louisiana, March 1971. (VM)

The ideal learning atmosphere in a Spanish-English Bilingual/Bicultural classroom provides for the learner two models with which to identify, a Spanish speaker and an English speaker, each of which reflects ethnic characteristics associated with the language. (Author)

Manuscript supported, in part, by grants from the Canada Council and the Defense Research Board of Canada to Mr. Tucker. More complete version was prepared by Miss Capco as A Study of the Verbal Behavior of Bilingual Children Using a Word Association Technique", M.A. thesis, Philippine Normal College, Manila, 1969. (VM)

It has been shown that students in North America can learn both a foreign language and subject matter taught in that language at the same time successfully. The immersion model is first examined for the majority group child, then considered for several target groups. (SCC)

Spanish and English versions of an oral proficiency test were administered to Spanish-surnamed pupils at grade levels K, one, three and five in a bilingual education program. The results indicated that achievement in English appears to be unrelated to the maintenance of Spanish for bilingual children. (Author/ND)

It is argued that cognitive/academic language proficiencies in first and second languages are interdependent and empirically distinguishable from interpersonal communication skills. This analysis is applied to the interpretation of data on the effects of bilingual education programs and on the age issue in second language learning. (PMJ)