Argues that integration and bilingual education are compatible and that, for a bilingual program to be constitutional, it should be both optional and open to all students. Available from University of Pennsylvania Law School, 3400 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104; sc $3.00. (Author/IRT)

Title VI of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 and the Equal Educational Opportunities Act (EEOA) of 1974 impose an affirmative obligation on the states to rectify the language deficiencies of non-English-speaking students but do not specify a particular remedy, leaving it to State and local educational authorities to determine which programs, methods,…

In this article, Luis O. Reyes provides a retrospective of the historic 1974 Aspira Consent Decree between the New York City Board of Education and Aspira of New York, which established bilingual instruction as a legally enforceable federal entitlement for New York City's non-English-speaking Puerto Rican and Latino students. Reyes analyzes the…

Whether bilingual-bicultural education will become a change agent and secure equal status with other programs as a desirable and essential aspect of the American educational process is still a question. Like all socio-political issues, its future depends upon the attitudes and beliefs of the populace. One of the current stumbling blocks for the…

Describes status of and need for bilingual education in the United States. Different educational options must be made available to enable students to participate in English instructional programs and American society. (BK)

This document provides a detailed discussion of two laws and three court cases affecting the education of non-English speaking children. Title VI of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 addresses equal education opportunities for all Americans. The Four Point Memorandum issued by the Department of Health, Education and Welfare specifically deals with…

This article examines the education of students in U.S. schools who have have limited skills in English. Ensuring that these children are able to participate in and benefit from educational programs and achieve high academic standards is a task of monumental importance for public schools. One component essential to this effort is understanding the…

This paper develops a revised estimate of the number of children eligible for bilingual services based on the contention that the figure being used by the Department of Education is an overestimate. The current estimate of 3.6 million, which was derived from the Children's English and Services Study (CESS), is believed to be based on excessively…

This manual deals with the Lau Center's technical assistance approach for assisting school districts in their efforts to develop an educational master plan to meet compliance guidelines of Title VI of the 1964 Civil Rights Act as it pertains to limited or non-English-speaking students. The following areas are addressed: (1) impact of "Lau v.…

A training manual for state education agency (SEA) staff dealing with issues of sex bias and discrimination in the educational system is presented. The manual is designed to achieve the following primary objectives: (1) provide a status report on federal and state roles in promoting educational equity; (2) provide an overview of inequities based…

This guide is designed as a reference for District and School personnel working with English learners (ELs). The content of the guide represents a compilation of information, examples, and resources. This guide is a living document and subject to frequent updates. It is recommended to review the document online rather than printing a hard copy.

Lau vs Nichols is a 1974 Supreme Court decision which charged that the San Francisco Unified School District had denied equal educational opportunity to non-English-speaking students by failing to provide them with any special language instruction. The court decision was based on Title VI of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 which provides against…

This publication is designed to clarify and amplify the 1975 booklet of the same title prepared by the Department of Health, Education, and Welfare (DHEW). The requirements for providing education to non-English speakers are first placed in their historical context. Suggestions for the basic elements to include in an affirmative action plan for…

Detailed interviews with immigrant students in the California school system indicate that the schools are not meeting the challenge of providing these students with an education adequate to prepare them to be productive members of American society. The first section presents demographic data and background information on immigrant children and…

These resource materials were developed in response to requests from school districts for a reference tool to assist them through the process of developing a comprehensive English language learners (ELL) program. The districts desired a program that would be in compliance with Title VI of the Civil Rights Act of 1964. Title VI was passed in the…