The federal Bilingual Education Act (BEA; 1968) augured a new era in the national politics of diversity, schooling, and state, and California became symbolic of the problems and promise of bilingual pedagogy. This article explores how the BEA was pivotal not only in conceiving a federal commitment to the educational achievement of…

Bilingual education is the process of instructing the child in his native language in some or all the curricular areas while he is learning English in the public school. This process prevents academic retardation due to a lack of proficiency in the English language. Bilingual education gives each student a base for success in the world of work,…

The need to improve evaluation practices in Elementary Secondary Education Act (ESEA) Title VII bilingual education programs is addressed. The study examined existing efforts in bilingual program evaluations through a meta-evaluation of a sample of ESEA Title VII projects funded in 1979-80 that were representative of five regions of California.…

A review of 10 major studies, conducted since 1976, assessing the effectiveness of Title VII bilingual education programs suggest that bilingual education is a viable instructional program for children of limited English-speaking ability. The studies examined are: "Bilingual Education: An Appraisal of Empirical Research," Zappert and…

With the passing of Title VII of the Elementary and Secondary Education Act in 1968, a number of school districts turned to the Educational Testing Service (ETS) for help in the area of bilingual education. ETS bilingual specialists began to offer advice and assistance in planning new programs, inservice training, evaluating curricula, and…

The purpose of this study of the Title VII (Bilingual Education) Fellowship Program was to verify the projected need for bilingual teacher trainers and to assess prior program effectiveness. A 6-item survey instrument was constructed and sent to project directors of 49 institutes of higher education (IHE) that had participated in the fellowship…

Revision of a paper presented at the Conference on Bilingual Education in Toronto, Canada, on March 13, 1971, at the Ontario Institute for Studies in Education. (DS)

This paper focuses on two issues: (1) whether bilingual education programs are the only way to satisfy the Supreme Court decision in Lau v. Nichols and (2) whether research findings clearly indicate that the bilingual approach is the best way to educate language-minority children. (CT)

Fourteen separate bilingual education fact sheets produced during 1982 have been assembled into one document presenting educators with a variety of topics on bilingual education in public education. The first fact sheet advocates bilingual instruction, despite the popular argument that other immigrants of the past did not need bilingual education…

Bilingual education programs have been established in such Native American languages as Aleut, Yupik, Tlingit, Haida, Athabaskan, Cherokee, Lakota, Navajo, Papago, Pomo, Passamaquoddy, Seminole, Tewa, and Zuni. These programs include the: Choctaw Bilingual Education Program, Northern Cheyenne Bilingual Education Program, Lakota Bilingual Education…

This is a report of the June 7-9, 1977, hearings on H.R. 15, a bill to extend for five years the Elementary and Secondary Education Act and related legislation. The focus of the hearings was on federal funding for bilingual education. The report consists of statements by persons prominent in the field of bilingual education and representatives of…

The United States experience with bilingual schools falls into two periods: from 1840-1920 and from 1963 to the present. Bilingual schooling may be said to have originated in Cincinnati in 1840, where a large minority of the population was German-speaking. During this first period, perhaps a million American children received a part of their…

This report is the first attempt by the Office of Education to determine: (1) what the condition of bilingual education is in the United States, (2) what advances have been made, and (3) what problems remain to be solved. Following a discussion of the history and rationale of bilingual education, and the quantification of the need for bilingual…

One of the goals of the Bilingual Education Act, Title VII of the Elementary and Secondary Education Act, was the involvement of parents and community members in the planning, implementation and evaluation of bilingual programs. A study of Chicago parents, some with children in bilingual programs and others with children in English-only programs,…