The Language and Culture Division (LCD) provides accountability with support to districts2 that serve students participating in bilingual multicultural education programs (BMEPs) so that all participating students achieve the program goals as outlined by New Mexico statute and administrative code, these are: (1) students become bilingual and…

English learners (ELs) represent a growing share of the student population in the United States, yet are often sidelined in federal education policy discussions. At present, an uneven approach has yielded sharp differences in ELs' educational experiences, with some states prioritizing bilingual education models and others emphasizing…

The Language and Culture Division (LCD) provides accountability with support to districts that serve students participating in Bilingual Multicultural Education Programs (BMEPs) so that all participating students achieve the program goals as outlined by New Mexico statute and administrative code. These are: (1) students become bilingual and…

Language education policy has been a controversial and ongoing issue throughout the U.S., particularly in the state of Texas. This paper reports on a frame analysis of the five bills that amended the Texas Education Code to implement or expand bilingual education and English as a second language programs. Analysis focused on problems and solutions…

The Elementary and Secondary Education Act (ESEA), signed in 1965, was a pivotal civil rights law to address the dream of equitable education for all children on the mainland and in U.S. territories. The ESEA was followed by the Bilingual Education Act (BEA), signed by President Johnson in 1968. The BEA specifically addressed the necessities of…

The Language and Culture Division (LCD) provides accountability with support to districts that serve students participating in Bilingual Multicultural Education Programs (BMEPs) so that all participating students achieve the program goals as outlined by New Mexico statute and administrative code, these are: (1) students become bilingual and…

In 1968 the Bilingual Education Act marked the first comprehensive federal intervention in the schooling of language minoritized students by creating financial incentives for bilingual education in an effort to address social and educational inequities created by poverty and linguistic isolation in schools. Since that time federal education…

Little research currently examines language instruction educational programs (LIEPs) in states with a more recent growth of the Latino English learner population. To meet this need, the authors examined the content each of the state LIEPs, focusing chiefly on the extent to which the types of language support, as well as the stipulations associated…

Sixty years ago, federal guidelines regarding the instruction of special populations in American public schools were nonexistent. Racial minorities, language minorities, women, the poor, and those with physical and mental disabilities had not been identified as groups that needed special protections. Much has changed since then. Federal…

The state of California educates over six million or twelve percent of the nation's student population. Approximately three million are Latino and 1.5 million are classified as English Language Learners (ELLs). English Language Learners are significantly underperforming in math and reading compared to White students in all grade levels. The…

These hearing transcripts present testimony concerning the reauthorization of the Elementary and Secondary Education (ESE) Act, focusing on the English as a Second Language (ESL) and bilingual education provisions and implications of the act. Much of the testimony was from representatives, educators, and community leaders who voiced opinions about…

The Milwaukee Bilingual Program was initiated in September, 1969 and funded under ESEA Titles VII and I and under Milwaukee Public Schools' Local Funds to develop a curriculum taught in both Spanish and English in order to prevent the hindering of learning and lowering of self-esteem often experienced by newly arrived or recently arrived pupils of…

Research conducted to determine the degree to which federally mandated citizen involvement had been achieved in 15 Texas Elementary and Secondary Education Act Title VII Citizen Advisory Committees demonstrated, through the application of typology, that at no point was a high level of participation fully accomplished. (Author/CM)

One of the provisions of the No Child Left Behind Act that has gained prominence as a policy focus only in the last several years is the requirement that poor and minority children be served by highly qualified teachers to no less a degree than other, more affluent children. Under the Obama administration, the focus on "highly qualified"…