This study explores correlations between human ratings of essay quality and component scores based on similar natural language processing indices and weighted through a principal component analysis. The results demonstrate that such component scores show small to large effects with human ratings and thus may be suitable to providing both summative…

The research aims to investigate the relationship between cultural intelligence and language learning motivation. It looked at the effects of personal features and language use of participants on their cultural intelligence and language learning motivation. It was a quantitative study and carried out at a state university in Turkey. The study…

Due to the development of artificial intelligence and language-based software, automatic machines, which can generate news contents from data, are starting to be used in the editorial practice. Despite the fact that this field of editorial work is currently at its advent, it has been developing and improving relatively quickly. At present, robots…

iSTART is a web-based reading comprehension tutor. A recent translation of iSTART from English to Spanish has made the system available to a new audience. In this paper, we outline several challenges that arose during the development process, specifically focusing on the algorithms that drive the feedback. Several iSTART activities encourage…

This paper introduces StairStepper, a new addition to Interactive Strategy Training for Active Reading and Thinking (iSTART), an intelligent tutoring system (ITS) that provides adaptive self-explanation training and practice. Whereas iSTART focuses on improving comprehension at levels geared toward answering challenging questions associated with…

In the age of the industrial revolution 4.0 the question arises as to how far digitization, which is taking place in all areas of life and work, can help meet the challenges of caring for patients or relieve the burden on nursing staff. In the health sector, including professional care, digitization is taking place at a rapid pace. In hospitals,…

This paper investigates how the peer agent's learning competency affects English learners' reading, engagement, system self-efficacy, and attitudes toward the peer agent in a trialogue-based intelligent tutoring system (ITS). Participants learned a summarizing reading strategy in the compare-contrast text structure in the ITS. Results detected the…

Emotional and cultural intelligence are very important for foreign students during cross-cultural adjustment. Asian students from China, Vietnam, South Korea and Mongolia face different problems during their stay in People's Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University). In this intercultural context of living and studying they learn to…

The purpose of this study is to examine the relationship between social intelligence levels and communication skills of pre-service social studies teachers. In the content of the study, the relational screening model, which is one of the descriptive survey models, has been used. The sample of the survey consists of the third- and fourth-year…

This study investigates the effectiveness of an Artificial Intelligence (AI) speaker as a device used for interactions in a foreign language (L2), and a tracking eye installed on the speaker to reduce L2 anxiety. L2 anxiety is an urgent issue since the anxiety derived from a fear of being judged, being negatively evaluated, or being rejected by…

Conventional learning guidance systems are typically automated machines for creating teaching materials: quizzes, exercises, examinations etc. In the future, systems will also offer ease of use, attention to sociality, ability to adapt to the pupil's needs and skill levels, and time savings. Ease-of-use and adaptation can be sought using systems…

Theories of discourse argue that comprehension depends on the coherence of the learner's mental representation. Our aim is to create a reliable automated representation to estimate readers' level of comprehension based on different productions, namely self-explanations and answers to open-ended questions. Previous work relied on Cohesion Network…

Open-ended comprehension questions are a common type of assessment used to evaluate how well students understand one of multiple documents. Our aim is to use natural language processing (NLP) to infer the level and type of inferencing within readers' answers to comprehension questions using linguistic and semantic features within their responses.…

Digital Study Assistants (DSA) aim to support individual learning processes by designing them appropriately and efficiently based on recommendations. In this paper we present a prototype of a DSA for students in higher education of three German universities. The digital data driven DSA is integrated into the local learning management system and…

Automatic short answer grading is an important research direction in the exploration of how to use artificial intelligence (AI)-based tools to improve education. Current state-of-the-art approaches use neural language models to create vectorized representations of students responses, followed by classifiers to predict the score. However, these…