China has been instituting national basic education curriculum reforms since 2001. This study provides an updated understanding of present-day, rural primary school music education in Northeastern China's Tonghua region. A total of 126 rural primary music teachers and 674 students from 28 primary schools in the region were surveyed using a questionnaire. In addition, teachers were interviewed about the factors responsible for the current situation. The findings reveal that primary music education in the rural areas of North-east China is suffering from a number of problems including the inadequate provision of resources by local government, teachers' lack of professionalism in terms of music education, and an inadequate understanding of the new curriculum reforms and rationales. The measures recommended to improve the current situation in the region may also provide insights that would prove useful for global consideration.