The return on investment (ROI) obtained by enterprises that invest in training was examined through case studies of seven Australian work organizations. The case study organizations included a government-owned transportation company, a privately owned company, a major nongovernmental charitable organization, a publicly listed corporation, and two subsidiaries of large multinational corporations. The two main forms of data considered were time series and matched pairs before and after training. Subjective and objective data were also used in several case studies to illustrate the diversity of data sources available to organizations and the use to which such data can be put. The following were among the major findings: (1) the financial and other returns from a well-designed training program can be substantial in all organizations, regardless of the organizations' sector, size, and structure and regardless of the occupational groups and employment levels involved; (2) in the seven case study organizations, ROI from training ranged from 30% to 7,000%; (3) training programs can be evaluated effectively by using a simple four-step methodological framework consisting of collecting data, pretesting and posttesting, multivariate analysis, and calculation of ROI. (Forty-one tables/figures and 24 references are included along with biographical details about contact persons at the case study sites.) (MN)