Using a grounded theory approach to the study of historical texts and an expert interview, this study investigates culturally embedded conceptions of giftedness as evidenced in one of the most important Iranian literary canons, "The Gulistan", to guide the development of education and programming for gifted and talented students in Iran. "The Gulistan" depicts the real world in its stories. Historically, "The Gulistan" has provided guidance to gifted and wise individuals regarding how to live life. Investigating these conceptions in "The Gulistan's" stories gives us significant insight into what historically has counted as giftedness in the Iranian culture. Main themes arising from this study include "Saheb Ferasat (insighted)," "Shukhdideh (wit)," "Dana & Aghel (practical intelligent)," "Kheradmand (wise)," and "Hakim (sage)." This study is an exploration of an approach to developing an Iranian conception of giftedness that is embedded in the culture. The framework and findings may be of interest to scholars, policy makers, and educators in various roles.