Against a backdrop of an international trend to shift from a teacher-centred to a learner-centred education, this article explores a Confucian conception of education. Focusing on an ancient Chinese text "Xueji" (Record of Learning), the essay examines its educational ideals and practices based on the principles of "choice", "doing" and "power relationship". It is argued that the educational model in the "Xueji" does not fit the description of a learner-centred education as commonly understood in the Western literature. Rather, the "Xueji" advocates a "teacher-directed and learner-engaged" approach by giving the teacher control over the curriculum and authority over the learners while encouraging the learners to participate actively in the learning process. In proposing a conception that is not exactly learner-centred, the "Xueji" challenges the assumption that "good" education must necessarily be learner-centred.