The aim of this research is to investigate primary school teachers' characteristics by comparing their mathematics teaching self-efficacy beliefs. In this research, qualitative research method is used. In order to determine the participant teachers, firstly, "Self-Efficacy Beliefs toward Mathematics Teaching Scale" (Dede, 2008) was applied to 33 primary school teachers, at seven public primary schools, in Adana, Turkey, in 2011-2012 school years. Then, according to results of the scale, four teachers are chosen to carry out semi-structured interviews. The interview data were analysed by conducting qualitative analytic methods. The results demonstrated that teachers with a higher self-efficacy belief have some different characteristics to those with a lower self-efficacy belief such as showing a higher level of effort and persistence with students, being more open to new ideas and new methods, believing in students' achievements and taking responsibility for students' success, placing more importance on building a warm relationship with their students rather than with the parents.