This study examined the effective strategies, resources, and programs urban superintendents utilize to improve the academic achievement for African-American males. This study employed a mixed-methods approach to answer the following research questions regarding urban superintendents and the academic achievement for African-American males: What programs are in place now that prove beneficial for African-American students; What are the strategies in academic and/or extracurricular programs that support African-American male achievement; What are the strategies superintendents use or implement that support African-American males' academic achievement; and What are the resources necessary to implement an effective program aimed at improving African-American males' academic achievement? In order to answer these research questions, performance data from the 42 qualified California school districts was reviewed, survey results of the 23 participating superintendents and four interviews was conducted. The data was analyzed statistically for descriptive statistics, correlations, and overarching themes. This research study resulted in the following key findings: urban superintendents need to implement programs specifically designed for African-American males that provide college access and positive role models; create a safe inclusive learning environment for African-American male students with rigorous and culturally relevant curriculum for the 21st century; create a sense of urgency to improve academic achievement for African-American males; provide targeted, effective staff development. This study provides insight of what successful urban superintendents in California are utilizing to improve academic achievement for all students, and in particular African-Americans, and adds to the limited body of literature on this topic. [The dissertation citations contained here are published with the permission of ProQuest LLC. Further reproduction is prohibited without permission. Copies of dissertations may be obtained by Telephone (800) 1-800-521-0600. Web page: http://www.proquest.com/en-US/products/dissertations/individuals.shtml.]