Enrollment levels and retention rates are two institutional factors that have seen a decline in the last five years and more. Previous research has documented the decline attributed to many different reasons. Resource allocations are a significant reason why enrollment levels and retention rates are declining at many higher education institutions. The purpose of this quantitative correlational and causal-comparative research was to test the theories of Agency and Resource Dependency that examine resource allocations and institutional types to enrollment and retention. The resource allocations for this study come from the male and female athletic resources provided by their respective institution. This research is pivotal to understanding the implications of Title IX on resource allocations and how it can affect enrollment, retention, and an increase in money. The results yield essential findings for higher education administrators at any National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) Division I Football Bowl Subdivision (FBS) or Football Championship Subdivision (FCS) institution. The results show that resource allocations and institution type affect enrollment and retention. Some essential findings revealed new information and supported the previous research, such as (a) enrollment and retention differ based on institution type, (b) resource allocations have a relationship with retention and enrollment, (c) resource allocations and institution type have a relationship with retention and enrollment, (d) there is a relationship among resource allocations, retention, and enrollment. This study includes recommendations for further research with the conclusion of the study that followed. [The dissertation citations contained here are published with the permission of ProQuest LLC. Further reproduction is prohibited without permission. Copies of dissertations may be obtained by Telephone (800) 1-800-521-0600. Web page: http://www.proquest.com/en-US/products/dissertations/individuals.shtml.]