Early childhood trauma generally refers to the traumatic experiences that occur to children aged 0-6. Because infants' and young children's reactions may be different from older children's, and because they may not be able to verbalize their reactions to threatening or dangerous events, many people assume that young age protects children from the impact of traumatic experiences. When young children experience or witness a traumatic event, sometimes adults say, "They're too young to understand, so it's probably better if we don't talk to them about it." However, young children are affected by traumatic events, even though they may not understand what happened. This paper discusses the following topics: (1) How Is Early Childhood Trauma Unique?; (2) Scope of the Problem; (3) Symptoms and Behaviors Associated with Exposure to Trauma; (4) Protective Factors: Enhancing Resilience in Young Children and Families; (5) Identifying and Providing Services to Young Children Who Have Been Exposed to Trauma: For Professionals; (6) Helping Young Children Exposed to Trauma: For Families and Caregivers; and (7) Treatments for Children and Families.