This article deals with two studies that develop a measure and model of mobile communication competence (MCC). The first study examines the dimensionality of the measure by conducting an exploratory factor analysis on 350 students at a large university in the midwestern United States. Results identified six constructs across 24 items: willingness to use, mobile preference, asynchronous communication, communication efficacy, affect, and appropriate communication. The relationships of the constructs were theoretically synthesized in a proposed model of MCC. In the second study, the MCC model was submitted to confirmatory factor analysis on 212 university students in order to test the model's theoretical structure. Results indicate that the MCC model predicts 59% of the variance in mobile phone use.