The New Synthesis approach views learning as an active process by which learners create knowledge structures or mental representations. This book attempts to give classroom teachers alternative ways of assessing how their learners think, what they know, and what they can do. The chapters are: (1) "Teaching, Motivation, and Testing"; (2) "Academic Motivation"; (3) "Developing a Framework for Authentic Learning Assessment"; (4) "Quality Assurance"; (5) "Assessing the Knowledge Base"; (6) "Assessing What Learners Can Do"; (7) "Assessing Problem-Solving Strategies"; (8) "Assessing Deep Understanding"; (9) "Assessing Genuine Achievement: The Portfolio"; (10) "Assessing Collaborative Skills and Self-Determination"; and (11) "Developing a Worthwhile Grading Plan." (Contains 35 figures, 1 table, and 113 references.) (SLD)