This research describes the results of a cross-case analysis of four individual case studies at schools having nationally recognized school library programs. The focus of the study is on the culture of the school as an organization and its effect on establishing an effective school library program. The purpose of the study was to identify cultural themes at each school. The approach to analysis is consistent with the tenets of naturalistic research and reflects the assumptions of qualitative research. Giddens' (1984) structuration theory, Senge's (1990) concepts of the learning organization, and Schein's (1992) theory of organizational culture provide the framework for this research. Common patterns found at each site include the presence of a collaborative culture, the collaborative leadership style of the principal, and high expectations for the students and the staff. Possible future research includes replicating this study using a larger number of schools to determine if the same patterns will surface. Additional research is necessary to further analyze the role of culture in organizations and its effect of establishing an effective school library program.