This review has been prepared by the Australian Council for Educational research (ACER) under an Agreement with the Australian Government Department of Education, Science and Training (DEST). It is one component of a project to investigate effective third wave intervention strategies for students and learning difficulties that persist beyond the early years of schooling. The review builds on and extends the findings of the Mapping the Territory research project through close examination of the local and international research literature that provides evidence of measurable improvements in students' learning outcomes.