THE EMPHASIS IN THE CIVIL RIGHTS REVOLUTION IS MOVING FROM A STRESS ON FREEDOM TO A DEMAND FOR EQUALITY IN ALL ASPECTS OF AMERICAN LIFE, AND EMPLOYMENT FOR THE NEGRO IS THE MOST IMPORTANT FACTOR IN THE PROGRESS TOWARD EQUALITY. THERE HAVE BEEN GAINS FOR THE NEGRO PROFESSIONAL AND FOR TECHNICAL AND CLERICAL WORKERS BUT LOSSES FOR BLUE COLLAR, SERVICE, HOUSEHOLD, LABORER, AND SALES WORKERS AND IN MANAGERIAL AND PROPRIETARY POSITIONS. THE NET RESULT IS THAT THE RATE OF NEGRO UNEMPLOYMENT HAS RISEN STEADILY IN COMPARISON WITH THE RATE OF WHITE UNEMPLOYMENT. THE GAP BETWEEN NEGRO AND WHITE INCOME HAS BEEN WIDENING, ESPECIALLY FOR THE NEGRO MALE. THE MALE EARNS A LOW INCOME IN A LOW PRESTIGE JOB AND IS FACED WITH A HIGH RATE OF UNEMPLOYMENT. THE POVERTY IN THE NEGRO FAMILY WHICH IS A PRODUCT OF THIS ECONOMIC SITUATION CAUSES THE FAMILY'S BREAKUP AND THE LARGE NUMBER OF MOTHER-ONLY HOUSEHOLDS IN WHICH THE CHILDREN ARE SUPPORTED BY AID TO FAMILIES OF DEPENDENT CHILDREN. THE MOST IMPORTANT CURRENT SOCIAL QUESTION IS TO DETERMINE WHETHER OR NOT FULL EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITIES WOULD HAVE AN EFFECT ON THE STRUCTURE OF THE NEGRO FAMILY. (CHARTS AND TABLES ON DATA BASED FROM THE CENSUS, BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS, AND THE DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH, EDUCATION, AND WELFARE ARE INCLUDED.) THIS ARTICLE WAS PUBLISHED IN THE FALL 1965 ISSUE OF DAEDALUS, AN ISSUE ON "THE NEGRO AMERICAN," AND IS AVAILABLE FROM THE PUBLISHER AS A BACK ISSUE. MATERIAL IN THE ISSUE WAS ALSO PUBLISHED AS A BOOK, HOUGHTON MIFFLIN, 1966, $9.50. (NH)