This monograph is the first in a series of three dealing with the curriculum and evaluation standards for grades K-4 as promulgated by the National Council of Teachers of Mathematics (NCTM). The publication of the standards marks a new guidepost in the evolution of mathematics education and signals the impact of the information society upon all citizens through the recognition of the importance of the mathematical skills involving problem solving, estimation, reasonableness of computed results, and use of technology, among others. Included in this first volume are: (1) introductory information concerning the mathematics essential to 21st century citizens as well as the summary changes in the K-4 curriculum; (2) essays, sample problems, and activities dealing with Standard #1, problem solving; (3) activities and real-world applications revolving around Standard #2, mathematical communication; (4) sample problems and activities concerning Standard #3, mathematical reasoning; (5) reflections and activities involving Standard #4, mathematical connections; (6) essays, examples, and activities affecting Standard #5, mathematical estimation; and (7) appendices that contain the NCTM position statements pertaining to both calculator usage and mathematics leadership within the elementary school venue and suggestions for curriculum development and staff implementation. (JJK)