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| Extinction (Psychology) | 5 |
| Infant Behavior | 5 |
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| Developmental Psychology | 7 |
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| Alessandri, Steven M. | 2 |
| Lewis, Michael | 2 |
| Gluck, John P. | 1 |
| Haugan, Gertrude M. | 1 |
| McIntyre, Roger W. | 1 |
| Sackett, Gene P. | 1 |
| Sullivan, Margaret W. | 1 |
| Sullivan, Margaret Wolan | 1 |
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Peer reviewedAlessandri, Steven M.; And Others – Developmental Psychology, 1993
Examined the instrumental responses and facial expressions during learning and extinction in a group of 36 cocaine-exposed infants ages 4 to 8 months and an equal number of control subjects. Findings indicated that cocaine-exposed infants expressed less interest and joy during learning and less anger and sadness during extinction than infants who…
Descriptors: Cocaine, Cognitive Development, Drug Abuse, Emotional Development
Peer reviewedSullivan, Margaret Wolan; And Others – Developmental Psychology, 1992
Infants at two, four, and six months of age learned a string-pulling task and were tested again two months later. Individual differences in emotional expressions of anger during extinction, and interest and enjoyment during learning, were stable over the two-month interval. (BC)
Descriptors: Affective Behavior, Anger, Attention, Extinction (Psychology)
Peer reviewedGluck, John P.; Sackett, Gene P. – Developmental Psychology, 1976
Rhesus monkeys were reared in total isolation, in partial isolation, or under normal conditions with access to mothers and peers. Each group was compared on the rate of acquisition of a simple operant response. (GO)
Descriptors: Animal Behavior, Conditioning, Disadvantaged Environment, Infants
Peer reviewedLewis, Michael; And Others – Developmental Psychology, 1990
Examined facial expressions in relation to cognition in infants 2 to 8 months of age. A total of 48 subjects received an audiovisual stimulus contingent on arm movement, whereas 32 infants did not control the stimulus. Infants in the contingent group expressed greater interest and joy during learning and greater anger during extinction. (RH)
Descriptors: Affective Behavior, Age Differences, Anger, Coding
Peer reviewedAlessandri, Steven M.; And Others – Developmental Psychology, 1990
A total of 80 infants, divided equally among 4 age groups, participated in a contingency learning task. Of these infants, 48 received an audiovisual stimulus contingent on arm movement, and 32 served as a yoked control group. Findings indicated that exposure to a period in which the infant's expectancy regarding contingent outcomes is violated…
Descriptors: Age Differences, Expectation, Extinction (Psychology), Infant Behavior
Peer reviewedHaugan, Gertrude M.; McIntyre, Roger W. – Developmental Psychology, 1972
Descriptors: Behavioral Science Research, Conditioning, Environmental Influences, Extinction (Psychology)
Peer reviewedSullivan, Margaret W.; Lewis, Michael – Developmental Psychology, 2003
Two experiments examined how different frustration contexts affect the instrumental and emotional responses of 4- to 5-month-olds. Both experiments showed that arm responses increased when the contingent stimulus was lost or reduced but decreased when control of the stimulus was lost under noncontingency. Facial expressions of anger, but not…
Descriptors: Anger, Context Effect, Contingency Management, Emotional Response
