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| Emotional Response | 2 |
| Infants | 2 |
| Anger | 1 |
| Cocaine | 1 |
| Cognitive Development | 1 |
| Context Effect | 1 |
| Contingency Management | 1 |
| Drug Abuse | 1 |
| Emotional Development | 1 |
| Extinction (Psychology) | 1 |
| Facial Expressions | 1 |
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| Developmental Psychology | 2 |
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| Journal Articles | 2 |
| Reports - Research | 2 |
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Peer reviewedAlessandri, Steven M.; And Others – Developmental Psychology, 1993
Examined the instrumental responses and facial expressions during learning and extinction in a group of 36 cocaine-exposed infants ages 4 to 8 months and an equal number of control subjects. Findings indicated that cocaine-exposed infants expressed less interest and joy during learning and less anger and sadness during extinction than infants who…
Descriptors: Cocaine, Cognitive Development, Drug Abuse, Emotional Development
Peer reviewedSullivan, Margaret W.; Lewis, Michael – Developmental Psychology, 2003
Two experiments examined how different frustration contexts affect the instrumental and emotional responses of 4- to 5-month-olds. Both experiments showed that arm responses increased when the contingent stimulus was lost or reduced but decreased when control of the stimulus was lost under noncontingency. Facial expressions of anger, but not…
Descriptors: Anger, Context Effect, Contingency Management, Emotional Response
