The theme of the "Outline of the National Mid- to Long-Term Plan for Education Reform and Development (2010-2020)" is building a nation rich in human resources, its primary thread is promoting the scientific development of education, and its soul is reform and innovation. The important concepts and policy innovations of the National Education Plan are expressed through a commitment to priority development for education, people-oriented education, promotion of fairness in education, and improvement of the quality of education to build a lifelong learning system and establish a modern school system, with teacher-based education plans, modernization driven by informatization, pooling of forces both within and outside of education circles, scientific and democratic decision making, and other features. [This article was translated by Carissa Fletcher.]