This study tested the predictions of the revised hierarchical (RHM) and morphological decomposition (MDM) models with Arabic-English bilinguals. The RHM (Kroll & Stewart, 1994) predicts that the amount of activation of first language translation equivalents is negatively correlated with second language (L2) proficiency. The MDM (Frost, Forster, &…

In an analysis of stress and intonation, stress is shown to distinguish semantic and grammatical meaning on every level of language. It is suggested that the distinction between stress and intonation is particularly important in teaching English as a second language. Written texts and fabricated examples of dialogue are used, with a focus on…

Discusses, using examples, problems raised by differences in meaning between "equivalent" Russian and German words. Calls for clear definitions of Russian basic vocabulary words. (Text is in German and Russian.) (IFS/WGA)

Reference to the native tongue is considered necessary in FL teaching. Differences and congruence of meaning in the two languages are examined with respect to their help or hindrance in language learning. Using examples, the problems of inferring the meaning of the foreign word are examined. (Text is in German.) (IFS/WGA)

The article shows six ways in which communicative competence can be increased. The six sections show how the foreign language student can acquire competence in expressing (as an example) the concept "irritation". For each definition of "irritation," many examples are given. (Text is in German.) (IFS/WGA)

Defends the valence theory as being useful in the constrastive aspect of foreign language teaching. Numerous examples are given illustrating how the semantic characteristics of the subject limit the possible choices of verbs that can occur with it. (IFS/WGA)

Discusses the semantics and structure of sentence adverbs, with particular reference to negation of the declarative sentence. "Nicht" is found to be not properly reckoned with sentence adverbs. By means of examples, suggestions are given about teaching foreigners the use of German adverbs. (Text is in German.) (IFS/WGA)

Tests given at the German Institute of the University of Stockholm to 32 Finnish students studying German revealed that both their native language and their Swedish interfered with their learning German, in about equal degree overall. The mother tongue, Finnish, caused more interference errors in pronunciation. (Text is in German.) (IFS/WGA)

In comparing original text and translation, the teaching goal should be the comparison of alternative forms and structures, in the native and the target language. Specific problems in translating jokes and comic strips are examined. Suggestions are given for dealing with morphology, syntax, and semantics. (IFS/WGA)

Speakers of languages having only one verb "to know" (e.g., Japanese) have difficulty with the two verbs "wissen" and "kennen". Tables are given showing sentence types and degrees of frequency. Various linguistic aspects are considered. Three dictionaries are cited and the inadequacy of their definitions are pointed out. (IFS/WGA)

Translated from the Russian. (DD)