With an increasing number of women becoming members of flight crews, the leadership styles of men and women are at issue. A study explored three basic questions: (1) How do male and female learning and leadership styles differ? (2) What barriers to gender integration and crew teamwork are perceived by pilot crew members? and (3) What recommendations can be made to support improved Crew Resource Management (CRM) training programs? A review of the literature revealed three important areas of research: women's learning styles, women's leadership characteristics, and recent research in CRM. The literature showed that men prefer debate-like learning situations, whereas women like to share and learn by interacting in a collegial manner. As leaders, women are often perceived as acting inappropriately if they put their professions first, or if they do not offer emotional support, according to the literature. The literature also found that women are better at communicating a skill that should be stressed in CRM programs. The study methodology included 19 interviews with airline, military, and corporate pilots of both genders in order to determine their perceptions concerning the research questions addressed in the study. After the interviews, three observations were made of CRM training sessions, using various male-female configurations of the training groups. Results of the interviews showed that women were reported to have different styles and that they suffered as crew members because of lack of understanding of gender differences on the part of both women and men and because of the "macho" pilot image. Based on the information that emerged from the study, there is a need to provide training for crew members regarding differences between men and women in learning and leadership styles. Suggestions were made for changes in CRM instructional design. (Contains 24 references.) (KC)