A collection of research materials on sign language and primatology is presented here. The essays attempt to show that: sign language is a legitimate language that can be learned not only by humans but by nonhuman primates as well, and nonhuman primates have the capability to acquire a human language using a different mode. The following contributions representing the work of anthropologists, psychologists, linguists, and manual language experts are included: (1) "Sign Language and Culture," by Fred C.C. Peng; (2) "Code and Culture," by Nancy Frishberg; (3) "The American Sign Language Lexicon and Guidelines for the Standardization and Development of Technical Signs," by Frank Caccamise, Richard Blasdell, and Charles Bradley; (4) "Language Acquisition in Apes and Children," by Lyn W. Miles; (5) "Sign Language in Chimpanzees: Implications of the Visual Mode and the Comparative Approach," by Roger S. Fouts; (6) "Language Skills, Cognition, and the Chimpanzee," by Duane M. Rumbaugh, E. Sue Savage-Rumbaugh and Timothy Gill; (7) "Linguistic Capabilities of a Lowland Gorilla," by Francine Patterson; and (8) "Linguistic Potentials of Nonhuman Primates," by Fred C.C. Peng. (AMH)