The Higher Order Thinking Skills Program (HOTS) is a computer-based program for teaching thinking skills developed by Stanley Pogrow at the University of Arizona. It is now used in over 800 U.S. schools. This study investigated the effects of the HOTS program versus the traditional Chapter 1 program on fourth and fifth grade students' self-concepts, reading achievement, and higher order thinking skills. Of secondary interest was the examination of gender differences in the HOTS and Chapter 1 programs. Subjects included 113 students in the HOTS group and 72 in the traditional Chapter 1 group. HOTS subjects received 45 minutes of instruction each day using the HOTS curriculum and computer applications. Student self-concept, achievement, and thinking skills were measured before and after the intervention. Findings suggested that the HOTS program was effective in raising student self-concept and some higher order thinking skills in grade 5. The program appeared to be more effective after 2 years of treatment, with females affected more than males. Both HOTS and Chapter 1 raised student achievement scores, but there were no statistically significant differences in achievement between the two groups. Results also suggested that more coordination is needed between the HOTS program and the regular classroom. (Contains 12 tables and 27 references.) (SLD)