This article considers the use of a learning environment, RoboCell, where manipulations of objects are performed by robot operations specified through the learner's application of mathematical and spatial reasoning. A curriculum is proposed relating to robot kinematics and point-to-point motion, rotation of objects, and robotic assembly of spatial puzzles. Various instructional methods are supported by the RoboCell robot system, such as interactive demonstrations, modeling, computer simulations and robot operations, providing diverse activities in spatial perception, mental rotation and visualization. Pre-course and post-course tests in two middle schools and a high school indicated significant student progress in the tasks related to the categories of spatial ability which were practiced in the course.