This book presents a novel approach to discussing how to research language teacher cognition and practice. An introductory chapter by the editors and an overview of the research field by Simon Borg precede eight case studies written by new researchers, each of which focuses on one approach to collecting data. These approaches range from questionnaires and focus groups to think aloud, stimulated recall, and oral reflective journals. Each case study is commented on by a leading expert in the field. Readers are encouraged to enter the conversation by reflecting on a set of questions and tasks in each chapter. This book includes the following chapters: (1) Questionnaires--Case Study (Judy Ng) and Commentary (J. D. Brown); (2) Narrative Frames--Case Study (Nguyen Gia Viet) and Commentary (Martin Bygate); (3) Focus Groups--Case Study (Andrew Gladman) and Commentary (Donald Freeman); (4) Interviews--Case Study (Le Van Canh) and Commentary (Alan Maley); (5) Observation--Case Study (Simon Humphries) and Commentary (Jerry Gebhard); (6) Think Aloud--Case Study (Jinrui Li) and Commentary (Thomas S. C. Farrell); (7) Stimulated Recall--Case Study (Jonathon Ryan) and Commentary (Susan Gass); and (8) Oral Reflective Journals--Case Study (Jenny Field) and Commentary (Jill Burton). Final thoughts are provided by Anne Burns and Roger Barnard.