The grades K-2 Florida Center for Reading Research (FCRR) Reading Assessment (FRA) consists of computer-adaptive alphabetic and oral language screening tasks that provide a Probability of Literacy Success (PLS) linked to grade-level performance (i.e., the 40th percentile) on the word reading (in kindergarten) or reading comprehension (in grades 1-2) subtests of the Stanford Achievement Test (SESAT; SAT-10) in 2014-2015. The PLS score also places students in a reading comprehension passage in grades K-12 or a listening comprehension passage for nonreaders. Thus, the FRA provides universal screening and Diagnostic tasks in a precise and efficient computer-adaptive framework with psychometrics and norms derived from large samples of Florida K-12 students representative of Florida demographics. Significantly, by including vocabulary pairs and syntax tasks, the FRA has excellent construct coverage of oral language, which has been shown to account equally (i.e., 66.5% in grade 1 and 62% in grade 2) with decoding in explaining variability in reading comprehension in grades 1-2 (Foorman, Herrera, Petscher, Mitchell, and Truckenmiller 2015). This technical manual provides an introduction to: (1) mastering the alphabetic principle; (2) comprehending written language (better known as reading comprehension); (3) a summary of FRA constructs and tasks; (4) a description of the tasks in the FRA; (5) screening tasks; (6) comprehension tasks; and (7) diagnostic tasks. The manual describes the method of the study. A statewide representative sample of students that roughly reflected the state's demographic diversity and academic ability (N ~ 28,000 respondents across all tasks) was collected on students in Kindergarten through Grade 2. Evaluations of the reliability and validity of the FRA are included. [For "Florida Center for Reading Research (FCRR) Reading Assessment (FRA): Grades 3 through 12. Technical Manual," see ED580133.]