The present chapter includes three sections. In the first section the authors touch on general matters that have to do with the array of problems of the use of the new information technologies in the school education process. In the second section, drawing on empirical materials obtained in their sociological survey, the authors look at the characteristics of students' attitudes toward the subject "Information Science" and the influence of the use of computers on academic progress. Finally, the third section is devoted to an analysis of the results of a sociological survey that the authors conducted among schoolteachers in order to find out their opinions with respect to the use of computers in the teaching and learning process. Based on the findings of the study, the authors conclude that students' acquaintance with and involvement in computer technologies constitute a positive factor that has an influence on their academic progress. (Contains 4 figures and 7 tables.)