The aim of this study was to investigate the status of equal opportunity in education and employment in Saudi Arabia. Analyses of existing data show that the country has made a remarkable progress in educational enrollment at all levels (K-12 and higher education). However, challenges remain in terms of academic achievement for males, participation in the labor force and wage parity for females, and school access and retention for disadvantaged young people (ages 6-24 years old). To address these challenges and help achieve the sustainable development goals that the country envisioned in its "Vision 2030", it is imperative that all people, regardless of gender or social, and economic status, be treated fairly and given an equal opportunity to learn, work, prosper, and contribute to the development of Saudi Arabia and beyond.