From March 2020 through March 2021, three laws provided increasing levels of federal funding for elementary, secondary, and postsecondary education primarily through the Education Stabilization Fund (ESF) in response to the national emergency related to the COVID-19 pandemic as declared by President Trump on March 13, 2020. On March 27, 2020, $30.750 billion was initially appropriated for the ESF by the Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security Act (CARES Act; P.L. 116-136). On December 27, 2020, the Coronavirus Response and Relief Supplemental Appropriations Act, 2021 (CRRSAA; Division M of the Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2021 [P.L. 116-260]), was enacted, providing an additional $81.880 billion in appropriations for an amended ESF. On March 11, 2021, the American Rescue Plan Act of 2021 (ARPA; P.L. 117-2), a budget reconciliation measure, provided an additional $169.609 billion for programs originally enacted as part of the ESF. On March 27, 2020, the Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security Act (CARES Act; P.L. 116-136) was signed into law. Included in the act was the Education Stabilization Fund (ESF), which was created "to prevent, prepare for, and respond to coronavirus, domestically or internationally." The ESF was composed of three emergency relief funds: (1) A Governor's Emergency Education Relief (GEER) Fund; (2) An Elementary and Secondary School Emergency Relief (ESSER) Fund; and (3) A Higher Education Emergency Relief Fund (HEERF). This report discusses the ESF and the programs initially authorized under it that were included in the CARES Act, CRRSAA, and ARPA. The report begins with an overview of the appropriations available for the ESF and the required reservations of funds under each act. It then discusses each of the emergency education relief funds, including the Emergency Assistance to Non-Public Schools (EANS) program. The next part of the report provides an overview of the other provisions included in the ESF: maintenance of effort (MOE) and maintenance of equity (MOEq) provisions, reporting requirements, continued payments to employees, and definitions. The report also includes several appendices that provide information on state funding under the GEER Fund, EANS program, and ESSER Fund, and funding aggregated at the state level and institutional sector level under the HEERF based on ED's published grant amounts, as well as information about periods of obligation and liquidation of funds and deadlines that apply to HEERF.