This report examines estimates of school infrastructure needs and discusses the federal role in financing early childhood facilities, elementary and secondary (K-12) public school infrastructure, and postsecondary educational facilities. Federal programs that provide support for school construction and renovation are organized in this report according to characteristics associated with their availability. For instance, some sources of federal support are broadly and consistently available; others are available only episodically, such as in the aftermath of a disaster. Additional programs are targeted toward specific geographic areas or populations, while still others are available for specific institutions or types of institutions. The report concludes with a description of legislation acted upon in the 116th Congress as of the date of publication including: H.R. 865, the Rebuild America's Schools Act of 2019; H.R. 762 and S. 253, both entitled the Streamlining Energy Efficiency for Schools Act; P.L. 116-136, the Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security Act (CARES Act); and H.R. 2, the Moving Forward Act. [This is a substantially revised version of a report originally written by Cassandria Dortch.]