In a relatively brief period of time, many clinicians and agencies have sought to use the World Wide Web as a means to access clients, impart information, advertise, or educate. Increasingly, counselors and other mental health professionals are seeking to provide or to supplement client services over the Internet. Unfortunately, amidst all the hype and publicity, the reality of counseling services that are currently provided over the Internet may be misunderstood. This article helps to clarify the realities and dispel some myths surrounding online counseling services. First, definitions of counseling will be considered to help the reader determine if online services are counseling, or if they may be better termed as educational, consultative, or supportive services. Second, research addressing elements necessary for effective counseling will be reviewed to help the reader consider the potential effectiveness of services and where additional improvements may be of help. Third, the article reviews the range of services that are readily available on the Internet. Finally, attempts are made to consolidate this information in preparation for additional information that focuses on specific online counseling activities. (Contains 37 references.) (Author)