This report evaluates the progress that has been made since three landmarks in blacks' struggle for equal treatment in the United States. Despite the 1944 case of Smith vs. Allwright, in which the Supreme Court decided that the Texas White Primary was unconstitutional, growing evasion and resistance by whites limited gains in black enfranchisement and political power until the enactment of the United States Voting Rights Act in 1965 and the consequent massive registration campaigns. The goals and rewards of maximum participation of blacks in the South's political system lay some distance ahead. Though there are still inequities in southern education, since Brown vs. the Board of Education in 1954 progress has been made in the following: (1) increasing the average number of years of schooling blacks complete; (2) increasing the number who complete college; (3) increasing per pupil expenditure; (4) increasing black attendance at white state colleges and universities; and (5) increasing elementary and secondary school integration. Though blacks have gained slightly in job opportunities since the 1964 Civil Rights Act swept away legal segregation, their participation in low status jobs remains sharply disproportionate and income disparity continues. Race remains a limiting factor. (PS)