An overview of areas of classroom research explored in the past decade provides a foundation for discussing major conclusions which appear to emerge from recent research findings. The solid demonstration that teachers make a difference in student learning is cited as the chief contribution of classroom research in the 1970s. An example of research on this topic is described and analyzed. A discussion is presented on general topics which characterize present knowledge about effective teaching. Research findings on the topics of active teaching, classroom management, and the relationship between instruction and management are summarized, and an exerpt is given from a research study on how teachers who are effective managers begin the school year. Research on the effects of teacher expectations on student achievement is also reviewed. Future issues are identified to illustrate some of the directions that research in the 1980s should take, including: (1) curriculum; (2) teaching context; (3) classroom task structure; (4) student effects on teachers; and (5) how students perceive and internalize similar teaching behaviors in different ways. Suggestions are offered on integrating quantitive and qualitative classroom research methodologies. (JD)