This document presents data on the relative influence of (1) maternal education, (2) race (or ethnicity) and (3) poverty on elementary students' academic achievement. Study results indicate that maternal education has the greatest effect on achievement. The data base is reported as representative of all U.S. children enrolled in public schools, grades 1 through 6. Home interviews were employed to assess family economic, demographic and social characteristics and the full range of standardized achievement test data was utilized. The effects of the other two factors were controlled for in assessing the influence of each factor. The methodology used to achieve the relative weighting of the factors is described and it is suggested that the data base is superior to that of previous studies. Tables comprising one half of the document present the statistical data. An appendix explains the precedure for approximating standard errors. (Author/BH)