This study of Bolivia's National Revolution of 1952 illustrates the effects of a peasant revolution on inequality and status inheritance. It was hypothesized that when an exploited peasantry revolts and overthrows the traditonal elite, peasants would be better off because inequality and status inheritance would decline as a result of the disappearance of the top levels of the stratification system. Also, inequality and status inheritance might eventually exceed their prerevolutionary levels because the revolution provides new opportunities for those with education, ability, luck, or other resources. In this study, data were taken from census tracts, a survey of 1,130 heads of household in six rural areas, and extensive anthropological reports on each area. A model distinguishing between types and extent of inequality and status inheritance before and after revolution was constructed. Findings indicated that although the standard of living rose for most rural Bolivians as a result of the 1952 revolution, those who had advantages before the revolution usually maintained their advantages afterward. Significant advantages included educational background and family's educational status. The conclusion is that inequality and status inheritance re-emerge after revolution because revolutionary liberation allows previously exploited groups to make fuller use of human capital, physical capital, and resources. (Author/DB)