Individualized and personalized (I and P) programs place learners at the center of all the activity. The eight main elements of such programs are: philosophical and taxonomic considerations; instructors as resource persons and learning managers; peer tutoring, personal and academic counseling, and cognitive style maps of students; instruction employing such techniques as pre- and posttesting, computerized data banking, individual diagnosis, and designed instructional mediation; financial prioritization; inservice training for administrators and educators, and individualized student orientation; open architecture of physical facilities; computerized management information and evaluation systems; and accountability and planning models. The development of the elements of the I and P program is a dynamic process. Since the computer, a full range of mediation, and paraprofessionals can adequately dispense information, instructors are able to become designers and managers of learning, prescribers of instructional material, and interpreters of evaluation data. Instructors are able to select a proper mix of a large variety of elements and tools for each individual student. Educational technology thus does not replace instructors; it merely frees them to humanize the educational process. (Half the document consists of explanatory notes of terminology used in the text.) (JR)