A recent International Labour Organization (ILO) report has documented the limited opportunities for women in the labour market (ILO, 2016). The report shows that women face higher unemployment and underemployment than men, are more often employed in the informal labour market and in family enterprises, and are overrepresented in lower skill sectors. A range of factors contribute to the high proportion of unemployed and underemployed women. These factors include cultural norms regarding the place of women in employment, the role of women in domestic and care work, and the lack of adequate job market opportunities. Women all over the world spend a disproportionate amount of time doing domestic and care work. This time commitment is even higher in low- and middle-income countries, where the division of domestic labor often follows traditional patterns and women assume most, if not all family responsibilities (ILO, 2009). The primary objective of this systematic review is to synthesize the evidence on the effects of vocational and business training programs on women's participation in higher skilled, higher valued occupations and other labour market outcomes, including employment, income, working conditions, societal worth, and economic empowerment. The secondary objective is to improve the understanding of the barriers to, and facilitators of, the effectiveness of vocational and business training for women and how they operate. To achieve these goals will address the following research questions: (1) What are the effects of vocational and business training programs on women's participation in higher skilled, higher valued occupations, women's income, working conditions, societal worth, and economic empowerment? Secondary Research Question (2) What are the barriers to, and facilitators of, the effectiveness of vocational and business training programs? and (3) What are the program design and implementation characteristics associated with effective vocational and business training programs for women?