Environmental planning requires more than finding the right technology and a source of funds. Planning involves consideration of the social, cultural, economic, and natural environments in which the project occurs. The challenge is to develop sustainable food systems that have reasonable production but do not degrade the resource base and upset the ecological balance. Development workers are in a position to pass on awareness of environmental concerns to community groups, government planners, village residents, farmers, and students. As a project planner or implementor, a development worker may wish to use this book for planning or on-the-job training of project workers, or for technical training of farmers and local residents. This manual is designed to assist those who plan and implement small-scale agricultural projects. By promoting awareness of environmental concerns, the manual can increase the development worker's ability to design projects that are both environmentally sound and potentially more sustainable. By providing guidelines to planning, this manual can assist development workers to view projects as part of larger environmental systems. It offers a perspective that can assist users to ask the right questions and to look for and find information about local resource availability and use, traditional methods, weather patterns, and social and cultural traditions. Background chapters are provided on soil management through reduction of erosion, water supply and management, soil nutrient management, pest management, and agroforestry systems. The appendixes include 13 pages of references, a list of 23 resource organizations, and a glossary. (CW)