The fourth in a series of reports produced by the Education and Employment Statistics division of the American Insititute of Physics (AIP) is presented. Data are based on a stratified random sample survey of one-sixth of the U.S. and Canadian membership of the AIP member societies. In the spring of 1986, every individual in the sample received a questionnaire in which they were asked to describe their employment in March of 1986. Of the 12,000 society members mailed questionnaires, 64% responded. The overall picture that emerges is a positive one, as members' salaries easily outpaced inflation. The median salary for society members climbed 6.6% from the previous year, and society members with a Ph.D. had a 7.6% increase. Despite this, salary levels continued to vary. The three main factors that dictate the salary levels found throughout the United States are (1) distribution of employment sectors within each division, (2) salary structure for each employer type, and (3) interdivisional age variations. Some facts that emerge are as follows: salary levels vary across employment sectors; across all employment sectors, salaries climb with professional experience; and females employed in industry and at universities earn less than males. Two appendices list geographic divisions (New England, Middle Atlantic, South Atlantic, East North Central, East South Central, West North Central, West South Central, Mountain, and Pacific) and present technical notes (median, quantile calculations, quantiles and interquantile ranges, employment base, sampling error, and cost of living). (SM)