Transsexualism offers a unique perspective on gender identity, sex-role stereotyping, and sex differences in a patriarchal society. It is also an important medical ethical issue which raises questions of bodily mutilation and integrity, nature versus technology, medical research priorities, unnecessary surgery, and the medical model, as well as definitions of maleness and femaleness. It is suggested that transsexualism is primarily caused by the rigid sex-role stereotypes that a sexist society generates, and is therefore symptomatic of something that is wrong on a deeper level. The role of gender identity clinics and the medical establishment in fostering and reinforcing stereotyped behavior is explored, and it is suggested that a benevolent form of behavior control and modification is occurring. Directions for change in treatment are outlined, including greater concern for the integrity of both the individual and society, and counseling which incorporates elements of "consciousness-raising." (KA)